Save Our Shells - Bubbles & Shells Protocol
Hello, I'm back! Today, we did something different. This was something we had to do for a while. We had 2 labs that taught us about ocean acidification. I'll be putting the information in the form of a lab report. Mrs. Ogo gave us a rubric of what the lab report should look like so I'll do it that way. I'll see you later. Peace!
The Effect of Ocean Acidification on pH
Topic Introduction: The ocean acidity level is increasing. It is increasing because of the rise in carbon dioxide. The more carbon dioxide is exposed to the ocean water, the acidity rises. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, the carbon and oxygen molecules bind together to form carbonic acid. This carbonic acid breaks apart in the water, releasing hydrogen ions and bicarbonate.
Experimental Question: How does carbon dioxide affect salt water? We'll try to figure this out by exhaling carbon dioxide into a beaker of salt water mimics the gas exchange that occurs between Earth's atmosphere and oceans. You will track the resulting changes in ocean chemistry by monitoring changes in pH as you exhale into the salt water.
Pre-Lab Questions- Bubbles Protocol:
1. What gas are you blowing in the water?
> We are blowing carbon dioxide into the water.
2. What happens to the gas when you blow it into the water?
> The gas dissolves into the water.
3. How are you measuring change in the water during this lab?
> We are measuring the change in the water by looking at the change in pH.
4. What does measuring the pH of the water tell us?
> Measuring the pH of the water tells us the change of acidity in the water.
5. After studying the reactions above, how do you think carbonic acid will affect the pH of salt water?
> The carbonic acid will affect the pH of salt water by changing the acidity of the pH.
Hypothesis: When we blow into the sea water, I predict that the pH will become more acidic.
Protocol: We had 4 different protocols to do. Three were the experimental and the last one was the control. The experimental protocols were room temperature tap water(A), cold salt water(B), and hot salt water(C). The control protocol was room temperature salt water(D).
Protocol A- 1. Add 100mL tap water to a 500mL beaker.
2. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
3. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color, using the table on the data sheet.
4. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
5. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
6. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
7. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
8. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
Protocol B- 1. Add 100mL saltwater to a 500mL beaker.
2. Place beaker on ice for about 3 minutes.
3. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
4. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color, using the table on the data sheet.
5. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
6. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
7. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins
blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
8. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
9. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
Protocol C- 1. Add 100mL saltwater to a 500mL beaker.
2. Place beaker on the hot plate for about 3 minutes.
3. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
4. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color, using the table on the data sheet.
5. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
6. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
7. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins
blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins
timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
8. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
9. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
Protocol D- 1. Add 100mL saltwater to a 500mL beaker.
2. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
3. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color using the table on the data sheet.
4. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
5. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
6. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
7. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
8. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
9. Decide on how you want to experiment by changing the variables.
Data Table: The data will go in order of procedure. The order will go like this: Protocol A - Protocol D. All the experimental procedures will go first, then the control will come last. The data will put in the pH and the color of the water at the time of the whole two minutes.
Experimental Question: How does carbon dioxide affect salt water? We'll try to figure this out by exhaling carbon dioxide into a beaker of salt water mimics the gas exchange that occurs between Earth's atmosphere and oceans. You will track the resulting changes in ocean chemistry by monitoring changes in pH as you exhale into the salt water.
Pre-Lab Questions- Bubbles Protocol:
1. What gas are you blowing in the water?
> We are blowing carbon dioxide into the water.
2. What happens to the gas when you blow it into the water?
> The gas dissolves into the water.
3. How are you measuring change in the water during this lab?
> We are measuring the change in the water by looking at the change in pH.
4. What does measuring the pH of the water tell us?
> Measuring the pH of the water tells us the change of acidity in the water.
5. After studying the reactions above, how do you think carbonic acid will affect the pH of salt water?
> The carbonic acid will affect the pH of salt water by changing the acidity of the pH.
Hypothesis: When we blow into the sea water, I predict that the pH will become more acidic.
Protocol: We had 4 different protocols to do. Three were the experimental and the last one was the control. The experimental protocols were room temperature tap water(A), cold salt water(B), and hot salt water(C). The control protocol was room temperature salt water(D).
Protocol A- 1. Add 100mL tap water to a 500mL beaker.
2. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
3. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color, using the table on the data sheet.
4. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
5. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
6. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
7. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
8. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
Protocol B- 1. Add 100mL saltwater to a 500mL beaker.
2. Place beaker on ice for about 3 minutes.
3. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
4. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color, using the table on the data sheet.
5. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
6. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
7. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins
blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
8. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
9. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
Protocol C- 1. Add 100mL saltwater to a 500mL beaker.
2. Place beaker on the hot plate for about 3 minutes.
3. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
4. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color, using the table on the data sheet.
5. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
6. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
7. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins
blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins
timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
8. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
9. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
Protocol D- 1. Add 100mL saltwater to a 500mL beaker.
2. Using your transfer pipet, add 4 drops of universal indicator. (Save your pipet for your next experiment!)
3. Place a white sheet of paper under the beaker and record the initial color using the table on the data sheet.
4. Stretch the piece of parafilm or saram wrap to completely cover the top of the beaker- then insert the straw by poking a hole through the parafilm.
5. Get the data sheet and prepare to record the color of the solution every 30 seconds, using the colors listed on the Universal Indicator Color Chart.
6. Get timer ready to record for TWO MINUTES- Begin timing AT THE SAME TIME as the breather begins blowing. Begin blowing through the straw into the water at exactly the same time as the timer begins timing. Breathe at a steady rate, exhaling only through straw. (Be careful to not inhale or suck on the straw!)
7. Call out 30 seconds intervals. As the timer calls out each 30 second interval, record the color at that time using the same color descriptions as the Universal Indicator Color Chart. Blow at steady breathing rate for two full minutes.
8. Using the table on your data sheet and the Universal Indicator Color Chart, convert your color data to numbers, plot your data on the graph provided, and draw a line connecting the points to create a line graph.
9. Decide on how you want to experiment by changing the variables.
Data Table: The data will go in order of procedure. The order will go like this: Protocol A - Protocol D. All the experimental procedures will go first, then the control will come last. The data will put in the pH and the color of the water at the time of the whole two minutes.
0 Seconds7.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
7.5 pH, Green
7.5 pH, Green
8 pH, Greenish Yellow
|
30 Seconds7 pH, Greenish Yellow
7 pH, Greenish Yellow
10 pH, Greenish Yellow
7 pH, Greenish Yellow
|
1 Minute6.5 pH, Orangish Yellow
7 pH, Greenish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
|
1 Min 30 Sec6.5 pH, Orangish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
|
2 Minutes6 pH, Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
6.5 pH, Greenish Yellow
|
Graph: I apologize. I don't have the graph right now. I'll try to put it up as soon as possible.
Data Analysis- Post Lab Questions:
1. As you blew through the straw, what were you adding to the water and how did that change the pH?
> We were adding carbon dioxide to the water and that changed the pH by making the water more acidic.
2. What did the universal indicator tell us about the water?
> The more carbon dioxide is added to the water, it starts to change.
3. What does this tell us about the effects of carbonic acid in ocean water?
> Carbonic acid in ocean water can make the water more acidic.
4. Based on the results of your experimental protocol, which factor affects the pH of the water most, temperature or salt?
> The salt affects it more.
Conclusion: After doing this lab, I realized that my hypothesis was correct. On the pH chart, the lower the number, the more acidity there is. I learned that carbon dioxide could change the ocean water by a lot.
Pre-Lab Questions- Shells Protocol:
1. How do organisms make their shells? What are shells made of?
> Organism grow their shells with calcium carbonate.
2. What do you expect to happen to the shell in an acidic solution such as vinegar?
> I expect it to start dissolving.
3. What are sources of carbon dioxide and which of these sources are most likely to affect ocean pH?
> Some sources are emissions from cars, fossil fuels, breathing, and bacteria.
Hypothesis: If I put shells into an acidic environment, then the shells will start to break down.
Protocol: 1. Remove your two untreated shells from their bags.
2. With a sharpie, label one shell "E" for experimental and one shell "C" for control.
3. Using your data table record your group's initial observations of the control and experimental shell characteristics.
4. Find the mass of each of the shells.
5. Record the starting masses of both shells on your data table.
6. Pour 150mL of vinegar into a 500mL beaker and 150mL of salt water into a second 500mL beaker.
7. Set the timer for 30 minutes
8. At the same time: add the untreated, control shell "C" shell to salt water and the untreated, experimental shell "E" to the beaker of vinegar and start the timer.
9. In your data table, observe and record your group's observations of what is happening to the shell while exposed to the vinegar over time. (at 0 minutes and 15 minutes)
10. Between observations of your shell in acid (vinegar), spend time observing and recording observations of shell characteristics for the pretreated ("Low Exposure" and "High Exposure") shells.
11. After 30 minutes use the tweezers to remove the shell from the vinegar and place on a paper towel. Dry the shell with a paper towel as best as you can.
12. Find the mass of both the control and the experimental shells.
13. Record the final masses and observations of the experimental and control shells after treatment.
14. Break the shell with text books to see how easily the shells break.
Data Analysis- Post Lab Questions:
1. When you immersed the shells in vinegar, how did you know that a reaction was happening?
> I knew a reaction was happening because when we immersed the shell in vinegar, the shell started bubbling.
2. How did observing the shells in vinegar relate to how animals are affected by a lower pH of ocean water?
> They probably can't live in an acidic area.
3. How would shelled organisms be affected by a lower pH of ocean water?
> They wouldn't be able to live from having their shell dissolved and broken down.
4. What are the primary functions of shell for these animals?
> The primary functions are protection and a home.
5. Does it cost the animal energy to rebuild or repair their shell?
> It doesn't cost them anything, they can't regrow their shell.
1. How do organisms make their shells? What are shells made of?
> Organism grow their shells with calcium carbonate.
2. What do you expect to happen to the shell in an acidic solution such as vinegar?
> I expect it to start dissolving.
3. What are sources of carbon dioxide and which of these sources are most likely to affect ocean pH?
> Some sources are emissions from cars, fossil fuels, breathing, and bacteria.
Hypothesis: If I put shells into an acidic environment, then the shells will start to break down.
Protocol: 1. Remove your two untreated shells from their bags.
2. With a sharpie, label one shell "E" for experimental and one shell "C" for control.
3. Using your data table record your group's initial observations of the control and experimental shell characteristics.
4. Find the mass of each of the shells.
5. Record the starting masses of both shells on your data table.
6. Pour 150mL of vinegar into a 500mL beaker and 150mL of salt water into a second 500mL beaker.
7. Set the timer for 30 minutes
8. At the same time: add the untreated, control shell "C" shell to salt water and the untreated, experimental shell "E" to the beaker of vinegar and start the timer.
9. In your data table, observe and record your group's observations of what is happening to the shell while exposed to the vinegar over time. (at 0 minutes and 15 minutes)
10. Between observations of your shell in acid (vinegar), spend time observing and recording observations of shell characteristics for the pretreated ("Low Exposure" and "High Exposure") shells.
11. After 30 minutes use the tweezers to remove the shell from the vinegar and place on a paper towel. Dry the shell with a paper towel as best as you can.
12. Find the mass of both the control and the experimental shells.
13. Record the final masses and observations of the experimental and control shells after treatment.
14. Break the shell with text books to see how easily the shells break.
Data Analysis- Post Lab Questions:
1. When you immersed the shells in vinegar, how did you know that a reaction was happening?
> I knew a reaction was happening because when we immersed the shell in vinegar, the shell started bubbling.
2. How did observing the shells in vinegar relate to how animals are affected by a lower pH of ocean water?
> They probably can't live in an acidic area.
3. How would shelled organisms be affected by a lower pH of ocean water?
> They wouldn't be able to live from having their shell dissolved and broken down.
4. What are the primary functions of shell for these animals?
> The primary functions are protection and a home.
5. Does it cost the animal energy to rebuild or repair their shell?
> It doesn't cost them anything, they can't regrow their shell.
ShellsPre L
Pre H
E
C
|
Pre Mass2.6085 grams
2.0664 grams
1.9 grams
2.0 grams
|
Post Mass2.0 grams
1.4 grams
1.9 grams
2.1 grams
|
Difference0.6085 grams
0.6664 grams
0 grams
- 0.1 grams
|
Observationstook 3 books to break
took 3 books to break
bubbling, took 15 books to break, 2 pH
nothing, took 9 books to break, 7 pH
|
Conclusion: After doing this lab, I realized that my hypothesis was correct. On the pH chart, the lower the number, the more acidity there is. I learned that ocean acidification was greatly endanger marine life.
I see that you are done with this page I'll see you later. Peace!